Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Dapagliflozin/Hesperidin Combination Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats

doi: 10.3390/ph16101370

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of dapagliflozin and/or hesperidin on ( A ) malondialdehyde, ( B ) total antioxidant capacity, ( C ) catalase, ( D ) superoxide dismutase, ( E ) paraoxonase-1, and ( F ) Nrf2 content of the hippocampal tissues of rats injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Mean ± SD). a p -value < 0.05 versus the control group; b p -value < 0.05 versus LPS-injected group; c p -value < 0.05 versus LPS rats treated with dapagliflozin; d p -value < 0.05 versus LPS rats treated with hesperidin. LPS (lipopolysaccharide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), DPF (dapagliflozin), and HSP (hesperidin).

Article Snippet: The levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the hippocampal tissues using kits purchased from Shanghai Korain Biotech Co., Shanghai, China (code number E0869Ra and E1444Ra, respectively).

Techniques: Injection, Control

Journal: Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica

Article Title: Vaccarin suppresses diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2024141

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. VAC alleviated the renal inflammatory response and oxidative stress in T2DM mice (A) MDA contents in diabetic kidney tissues. n=6. (B) GSH-Px activity in diabetic kidney tissues. n=6. (C) Averaged fluorescence intensity of DHE fluorescence in diabetic kidney tissues. n=6. (D) Averaged fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA fluorescence staining of diabetic kidney tissues. n=6. (E) DHE fluorescence staining or DCFH-DA fluorescence staining of diabetic kidney tissues. Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) F4/80 staining of diabetic kidney tissues. Scale bar: 50 μm, and the average fluorescence intensity of F4/80-expressing diabetic kidney tissues is shown. (G‒M) Representative blot images and quantitative analysis of phosphorylated NFκB P65, Nrf2, catalase, SOD3, SOD2 and SOD1. n=4. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs Ctrl. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs DN.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against catalase, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were procured from Boster Biological Technology (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica

Article Title: Vaccarin suppresses diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2024141

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. VAC alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys HK-2 cells were preincubated with 5 μM VAC for 12 h, followed by exposure to 35 mM HG for 48 h. (A–C) Relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, VCAM-1 and COX2. (D-F) DHE fluorescence staining or DCFH-DA fluorescence staining of HK-2 cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. (G–K) Relative mRNA levels of Nrf2, catalase, SOD3, SOD2 and SOD1. (L–R) Representative blot images and quantitative analysis of phosphorylated NFκB P65, Nrf2, catalase, SOD3, SOD2 and SOD1. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs NG. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs HG. n=4.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against catalase, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were procured from Boster Biological Technology (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica

Article Title: Vaccarin suppresses diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2024141

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. VAC ameliorated fibrosis, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in HG-induced HK-2 cells exposed to the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or the ERK inhibitor U0126 (A–D) Relative mRNA levels of collagen-1, TGF-β1, α-SMA and E-cadherin in HK-2 cells. (E–G) Relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, VCAM-1 and COX-2 in HK-2 cells. (H) Averaged fluorescence intensity of DHE fluorescence in HK-2 cells. (I) DHE staining was performed on HG-induced HK-2 cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. (J–P) Representative blot images and quantitative analysis of phosphorylated and total NFκB P65, Nrf2, catalase, SOD3, SOD2 and SOD1. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs NG. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs HG. n=4.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against catalase, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were procured from Boster Biological Technology (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: The loss of pancreatic islet NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 improves islet transplantation

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102419

Figure Lengend Snippet: The loss of NOX2 increases the expression of insulin and antioxidative proteins in hypoxic islets. ( A ) Representative Western blot analysis of (from top to bottom) Nrf2, β-actin, HO-1, SOD2, SOD1 and insulin from whole cell extracts of isolated hypoxic WT and Nox2 −/− islets. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of insulin expression (Fold change) (n = 5 each). Mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. WT. ( C ) Quantitative analysis of SOD1 expression (Fold change) (n = 3 each). Mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. WT. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of SOD2 expression (Fold change) (n = 3 each). Mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. WT. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of HO-1 expression (Fold change) (n = 5 each). Mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. WT. ( F ) Quantitative analysis of Nrf2 expression (Fold change) (n = 5 each). Mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. WT.

Article Snippet: The anti-SOD1 (TA321133) and anti-SOD2 (TA321189) antibodies were purchased from OriGene (Rockville, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Isolation

Journal: Virology

Article Title: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Murine AIDS Inhibit B-Cell Responses in Part via Soluble Mediators including Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species, and TGF-β

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.08.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Suppression of B-cell proliferation was assessed using supernates from suppressive cultures of MDSCs and B cells as in Figure 3. Supernates were treated with increasing doses of: (A) superoxide dismutase (SOD), (C) uric acid (UA), and (D) MnTBAP. Higher doses than those shown were tested, but did not show additional blockade and began to induce toxicity. (B) Superoxide levels in supernates were tested using the XTT assay; XO represents the positive control. Data shown are from representative experiments, these patterns of results were representative of at least 3 experiments for each panel. Significance levels:*, p<0.05; ***, p<0.001. p-values are versus untreated.

Article Snippet: Antioxidant Assays To test for involvement of reactive oxygen species, supernates were treated with catalase (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD, MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), carboxy-PTIO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), uric acid (UA, Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI), or MnTBAP (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) at indicated concentrations to neutralize/scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, or peroxynitrite, respectively.

Techniques: XTT Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Virology

Article Title: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Murine AIDS Inhibit B-Cell Responses in Part via Soluble Mediators including Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species, and TGF-β

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.08.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Suppression of B-cell proliferation by MDSCs from LP-BM5-infected wild-type or VISTA/iNOS double knockout MDSCs. (B) Supernate transfer suppression assays (as in Fig. 3) left untreated or treated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed that soluble suppression by double knockout MDSCs accounted for about 2/3rds of total suppression, as opposed to with WT M-MDSCs, where soluble mediators account for approximately 55% the suppression (see Fig. 3a). Data shown are from a representative experiments. A similar pattern of results was observed in at least 3 experiments for each panel. Significance levels: **, p<0.01; NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: Antioxidant Assays To test for involvement of reactive oxygen species, supernates were treated with catalase (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD, MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), carboxy-PTIO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), uric acid (UA, Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI), or MnTBAP (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) at indicated concentrations to neutralize/scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, or peroxynitrite, respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Double Knockout

Journal: Comparative Immunology Reports

Article Title: Dietary lacto-sacc stimulates the immune response of gravid mud crab (Scylla olivacea)

doi: 10.1016/j.cirep.2024.200156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. (A) Phenoloxidase (PO) and prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity asay; (B) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay.

Article Snippet: Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity assay The SOD activity of gravid mud crabs was tested using the Ghosh et al. [42] method and the Creative BioMart, Inc., USA procedure (EC 1.15.1.1) [42].

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes

doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of all cases used in this study. See supplementary data for subgroup analyses

Article Snippet: SOD1 d , StressMarq Bio , SPC-206 , Rabbit , Polyclonal , 1:1000 , –.

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes

doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary antibody clones used in this study

Article Snippet: SOD1 d , StressMarq Bio , SPC-206 , Rabbit , Polyclonal , 1:1000 , –.

Techniques: Clone Assay

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes

doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary motor cortex and spinal cord single-IHC results

Article Snippet: SOD1 d , StressMarq Bio , SPC-206 , Rabbit , Polyclonal , 1:1000 , –.

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes

doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pathology of the ALS primary motor cortex is variable both within and across the genotypic spectrum of disease. Relatively little pTDP-43 aggregation was found in a single TARDBP mutation case ( a ), but this was severe in an OPTN mutation case (d; see also supp. Figure ). Insets highlight variance of pTDP-43 morphology between genotypes. Average highest pTDP-43 deposition was seen in sporadic cases, which was statistically higher than in C9-ALS ( g ). Quantification of p62 ( b , e , h ). Levels of p62 correlated with pTDP-43 in sporadic cases but less so in C9ORF72 disease, reflective of the existence of p62-positive dipeptide repeat protein species unique to C9-ALS ( h and j ). Cortical microglial activation was highly variable between genotypes ( i ), and in some cases there was evidence of severe nodular neuronophagia surrounding layer V neurons ( f ). Grey matter CD68 correlated with the extent of pTDP-43 deposition ( k ) in both sporadic and C9ORF72 cases, but this relationship was not recapitulated using p62 and CD68 in SOD1 / FUS cases ( l ). Arrows highlight pathology, asterisks highlight Betz cells. r correlations = Pearson ( j ) or Spearman ( k , l ), results as on figure. Bars in ( i ) represent means and SEM. Best-fit lines are manually added for illustrative purposes. All scale bars = 50 μm

Article Snippet: SOD1 d , StressMarq Bio , SPC-206 , Rabbit , Polyclonal , 1:1000 , –.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Activation Assay

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes

doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatial and morphological distribution of proteinopathy across genotypes in the ALS primary motor cortex. Sporadic ALS exhibits NCI and oligodendroglial pathology across layers I-VI as well as the subcortical white matter ( a - d ). The distribution pattern of pTDP-43 pathology was not entirely dissimilar between sporadic and C9-ALS ( e - f ), although there was a slight preponderance towards oligodendrocyte inclusions in C9 cases (Fig. g and h). FUS mutation cases demonstrated infrequent, compact p62-positive NCI with occasional granular inclusions, as well as occasional oligodendroglial pathology (i-l). SOD1 mutation cases, by contrast, exhibited granular p62 staining confined to the middle cortical layers with infrequent NCI in layer V, without obvious glial pathology. Arrows highlight respective proteinopathy. Scale bar applicable to all panels = 50 μm

Article Snippet: SOD1 d , StressMarq Bio , SPC-206 , Rabbit , Polyclonal , 1:1000 , –.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Staining